Landscape in Bessie Heads Collector of Treasures Essays

Scene in Bessie Heads Collector of Treasures Essays Scene in Bessie Heads Collector of Treasures Paper Scene in Bessie Heads Collector of Treasures Paper Exposition Topic: In a difficult situation Stories of Black Women In this exposition I will investigate the development of spatial talks as they advise persevered through, racial and other ideologically policed faculties of social personality. The endorsed explanation; The inquiries of home, land, language and social articulation are fundamental to the constitution of character, much as attention to issues of sexual orientation, race, class and national personality are basic to the innovative development of freeing postcolonial subjects will be examined through four stories from her short story assortment, The Collector of Treasures (1992). The narratives that will be taken a gander at are The Deep River: A Story of Ancient Tribal Migration, Jacob: The Story of a Faith-Healing Priest, Life and The Wind and a Boy. Every story will be taken a gander at as far as cultural changes; character uprooting and banish topics; the conflict between infringing innovation and private enterprise (achieved by expansionism and ostensibly neocolonialism) and ancestral conventionalism; and dualities which uncover this conflict of significant worth just as focuses identifying with control and sexual orientation. On account of the idea of her own life and the subjects with which she bargains, every story will likewise be taken a gander at as far as fringes: representative, topographic and transient. Outskirts, by definition, keep things in as ell as keep things out, thus these bring up the issues of room, spot and having a place. Consequently, it turns into a postcolonial worry to conceive Heads anecdotal stories as printed scenes by which she and the peruser are permitted to explore the potholes of sexual orientation, society, and the development of character. Bessie Head had a much-shifted life while living in South Africa. She lived as a cultivate youngster until she was thirteen years of age, learned at a strategic, prepared as an educator, and following a couple of years instructing, filled in as a columnist for a DRIED distribution, Golden City post. Head left South Africa and moved to Botswana, where she lived as an outcast for a long time (Head 1992:I). The Botswana government would not give her citizenship, dreading South African intercession should the outcast network grow, thus she had to report week by week to the police (Nixon 1996:244). Ender Apartheid she had been the result of an illicit joining between an individual of color and a white lady, thus her feeling of social character was pushed to the fringe. Her transition to Botswana was not just advanced by the quest for opportunity from racial persecution, yet for a hunt of having a place. She had been rootless in South Africa, and not at all like other African journalists i n a state of banishment, didn't seek after the scholarly roots toward the Northern Hemisphere, yet moved to Botswana, one entryway away from South Africa (Head, refered to in Nixon 1996: 243). Thus, Heads move to neighboring Botswana uncovers in her a conviction which saturates her composition, that in being African there exists some basic association across outskirts. It was a quest as an African for a feeling Of recorded progression, a feeling of roots (Head refered to in Sample 1991: 312). Head picked up citizenship in 1 979, just two years after The Collector of Treasures was distributed. At the hour of composing, Head was found immovably in a vague space: not so much a resident of either nation, and not so much having a place with a specific (or if nothing else perceived) racial gathering. Her interests are obvious in the readings of the short stories to be talked about in the future. They tell the stories of development, of a quest for personality in oneself and in the network. The characters in the narratives take space and shading for themselves a perfect spot utilizing the different modes through which an individual knows and builds a reality (Tuna refered to in Sample 1991: 311). Her faith in the congruity of individuals is uncovered, as she says: The least I can say for myself is that I strongly made for myself under very threatening conditions, my optimal life. I took a dark and practically obscure town in the Southern African bramble and made it my own blessed ground. Here, in the unfaltering quality and tranquility of my own reality, I could dream somewhat in front of the to some degree horrendous noise of transformation and the awful odor of social frameworks. My work was consistently speculative in light of the fact that it was generally so totally new: it made another world from nothing; it brought all personalities of individuals, both educated and semi-proficient together, and it didn't generally qualify who was who everybody had a spot in my reality (Head refered to in Sample 1991:312). Fittingly, the primary short story I will manage is likewise the first in the assortment, and, strangely, appears to offer some hinting bits of knowledge into a portion of the issues that would turn into a piece of later society in post-Nine-/pilgrim rule and are managed in the narratives later in the assortment. The Deep River: A Story of Ancient Tribal Migration recounts to the narrative of a clan, the individuals of Monoplane, whose realm was some place in the focal piece of Africa Head 1977:1 The questionable centrality of the tribe?s area fits that the issues looked by the clan had a place with or would have a place with, in this investigation all the individuals of Africa, and not just those of a specific country or district whose presence was delimited by outside and developed forces of control; outskirts which, in all reality, made various countries out of similar individuals. There are various topics influencing everything in this story; the perfect network whose subjects truly lived character less lives under the undeniable standard of directed position, the corruptive intensity of power, sexual orientation determinism, lastly, the quest for home in new terrains. Some time in the past, when the land was just dairy cattle tracks and trails, the individuals lived respectively like a profound waterway (1). In the absolute first sentence, two themes are presented: development and water. The trails may allude to a pre-modern time, one of relative effortlessness and liberated from entrepreneur impacts, yet it likewise may address the example of transient and vagrant work constrained upon the African individuals during the time of expansionism, an example which would stay one of the most focal standards of financial living even long after the mainland was decolonize. In any case, until further notice, it could make reference to the focal topic of the considerable number of stories in this assortment and Heads own condition of conventionalism: the quest for a home wherein character may show itself, independently and collectively. Water is additionally a significant theme in Heads stories. It comes to speak to recuperating and prosperity. In The Deep River the profundity and feeding influence of the stream is equal with the harmony and quiet of the individuals, who live respectively unruffled by struggle or progress ahead (1 The clan is, similar to the waterway, an abundance of custom that profits a sort of stagnation. The waterway is profound, and not quick, and, similar to the individuals, unruffled by Movement forward. Promptly this permits the clan to be envisioned as stuck in its particular ways. This idea is affirmed when the way in which they live is inspected. The individuals lived without faces, aside from their boss, whose face was the essence of the considerable number of individuals (1). The individuals were network orientated, yet additionally without singular personalities. The individuals acknowledged this regimental leveling down of their individual spirits (2) and kept the rules that everyone must follow, which were truly Monoplanes laws. They couldn't furrow, gather, pound, bubble or mature the corn without consent, thus their own boss inflexibly policed the people groups relationship with the land. This people group was in undeniable reality, not exactly perfect, a top down force structure that calmed the well known majority rule. This dynamic would be one that would turn into a destructive and inescapable issue later ever, as frontier powers policed the individuals and their relationship with the land considerably more unfairly. The individuals of Monoplane are residents who don't affirm their majority rule rights, are not permitted to state their vote based rights. This is a significant comprehension to come to when perused against Heads own encounters as a racial anomaly in South Africa and a displaced person in Botswana. This environment of idleness in their own house is elevated while considering the topographic, representative and worldly outskirts as delineated by Johan Shamanism (2007). As a topographic component the stream isolates the clan of Monoplane from other threatening clans or extraordinary risks, thus evacuates the chance of damage. Since the area of the clan is undisclosed (as this story is a completely anecdotally record of the Bootlace clans history, as clarified by Head (6)) it takes on a summed up nature of country state verges. It turns into an emblematic outskirt while considering the way that without outer contact there is no chance of movement; the main things that might be imagined outside of their own town is the incredible chance of risk. Dread turns into a hoarding factor and forestalls any indicate solidarity for improvement. The quiet of the waterway and of the individuals is vexed when Subleases right to chieftain comes into question. He confesses to having imagined a child with Ranking, his late dads spouse, and accepts her and the kid as his own. His siblings, Animate and Moslems, are scared that Subleases youngster would dislodge them in rank and in this manner get the opportunity to manage as boss before them, and they ask their sibling to revoke both child and spouse. At the point when Seeable will not do as such, they keep on him, and implicitly constrain him to leave the town. Thus from

Fair Value Accounting: Its Impacts on Financial Reporting and How It Can Be Enhanced to Provide More Clarity and Reliability of Information for Users of Financial Statements

Lesson plan in english free essay sample

Narrating (Short Story A Fishing Trip by Douglas Schnorr. Prior to recounting to the story, the educator shows the creator of the story) During the narrating, the instructor brings up and offer accentuation to the words in past structures. In the wake of recounting to the story, the educator might be asked by understudies or students will be approached by instructor for additional conversation of the musings of the story being told. Presentation of the Subject Matter Teacher presents the topic. The educator expresses that action words can tell about exercises occurred previously. The educator clarifies altogether that for the normal action words, - ed, - d, - ied can be added to the base type of the action word to communicate past activity. The instructor clarifies that for sporadic action words, - ed, - d, - ied can't be added to the base type of the action word, however a few action words have a similar base and past types of the action word, there are changes in the action word (articulation). We will compose a custom paper test on Exercise plan in english or on the other hand any comparable point explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page What's more, the couple of have a totally extraordinary and a similar base structures to signify past activity. The educator focuses on the contrasts among over a significant time span types of the action word. ? The instructor, in each movement. Gives more models and representations to ensure that students comprehend. c. Aptitude BUILDING ACTIVITIES I. Entire class work †¢ The instructor lets the class read the story in tune as a drill to check pupils’ understanding abilities (elocution, intonation†¦) †¢ The educator peruses the troublesome words and lets her understudies rehash after her. ii. Little Group Work/Pair work Activities The educator, utilizing the cheat sheets with words on their at various times structures, requests that students read and utilize the words in sentence to be composed on the load up. †¢ The instructor requests that understudies change the sentences from past structure to introduce structure, and present structure to past structure to see actually the distinction in structures and employments. iii. Instructor Task †¢ The educator talked about further the topic and may ask understudies inquiries to check in the event that they comprehend the exercise or not, particularly on the sporadic action words. iv. Understudy Task d. Conclusion/Debriefing The instructor separates the class into two gatherings. Utilizing the two bases marked past structure and present structure, the instructor encourages a game that would gauge if youngsters had the option to appreciate exercise introduced, and build up the feeling of collaboration and initiative in them. The instructor gives the cheat sheets to each gathering. The individuals decide whether the action word written likely to work out is previously or present structure. Each gathering ought to have members or agent each round. The primary gathering to fill the crates is the victors. After the game, the instructor leads a 5-term test. She lets her students pick 5 words from the game and use in sentences (the words can be either in the present of past structure). VI. Improvement ? After the test, the instructor requests that students write in a section structure their past summer understanding or their most remarkable summer understanding by utilizing the past types of the action word, and the following day, let the understudies share their work to their schoolmates as an audit on the past exercise (about the past types of the action word) before proceeding onward to the following exercise.

MC DONALDS ORGANIZATIONAL CHART - 275 Words

MC DONALDS ORGANIZATIONAL CHART (Term Paper Sample) Content: McDonald's organizational chart Student's name Institutional affiliation 1 Type of organizational chart illustrated for McDonald's McDonald's has a matrix organizational structure. The structure combines vertical and horizontal lines of authority. Authority flows both downwards and across the organization with individual employees reporting to more than one leader at a time. At the helm of McDonald's management is the chairman and chief executive officer and the chief operating officer. Below them are departmental and regional heads. 2 Improvements to the McDonald's Organizational Chart The company's organizational chart is very complex. The organization can simplify its structure by scrapping off some of the positions. The current structure is made up of three divisions namely East, West and Central. Each of the three divisions has presidents as heads and zone managers who report to the presidents. Additionally, each zone has its own finance support and human resources support staff. The current structure has created too many layers and leadership levels. This has in turn resulted to barriers in efficient decision making, communication breakdown between the different leadership layers as well as competing priorities among the many managers and presidents. Therefore, McDonald should scrap off some of these layers whose functions can be collectively handled by a single department. Reduction in the number of layers will make the organization more flat, thereby preventing the organization from being overly bureaucratic (Pride, Hughes and Kapoor, 2013). 3 Aspects of McDonald's organizational Chart that I Like McDonald's organizational chart combines power and structure in a unique way. The division of authority across the organization makes it easy to exert control from a central position. I like the fact that the organization has a centralized leadership, which makes it easy for the company to exert its power over the different segments they serve as well as their target market (Writing, 2015). 4 Type of organizational chart that would best suit McDonald A divisional organization chart will work best for McDonalds. This is because the company has operations in different countries, a fact that makes centralized leadership quite difficult. A divisional organizational structure will make it possible for leadership to be delegated to each region in which McDonalds operates. Under the divisional organizational chart, the structure of the organization is marked based on the specific factors that influence demand and supply in the different regions (Gillikin, 2015). These factors include customer preferences, competition as well as cultural and religious practices. Each division will have its leadership which will make it possible for the division to focus on its main strategic objectives. A divisional structure will also allow each division to build a common spirit and culture. Functional groups in McDonald's organizational chart The major functional groups at McDonalds include finance and accounting objectives, franchising, Customer and Restaurant services, human resources, marketing, national operations and regional managers, supply chain and information services. Finance and accounting objectives The main objective of the finance and accounting department is to ensure timely preparation of financial records and statements. Another objective for the finance department is efficient cash management and budgeting. Franchising objectives Ensure timely license renewal and enforcement. This is because the franchising department is the face of McDonalds. The department has to ensure that only compete...

Ethnocentrism in Todays Church - 1092 Words

ETHNOCENTRISM IN THE CHURCH TODAY Introduction Ethnocentrism is the act of seeing one’s ethnic tribe better compared to those of the others. This stereotype has with time crept into the religious foundation irrepressibly. Currently, the church is experiencing a wave of ethnocentrism which if not curbed will see a religious waiver. Overall researches locally and internationally prove that ethnocentrism is an ant to the timber-pillar supporting the church; with time it will eat into it and cause a major downfall. Discussion... Manifestation and Effects of Ethnocentrism Of foremost challenge is that ethnocentrism brings about division within the ellipsis of church organizations. The latter is propelled by the fact that ethnic†¦show more content†¦Indirectly, this vice makes the Christians fail to be the light of the world as God requires of us, consequently making us sinners. Due to division of church members and split ups over the recent past caused by ethnocentrism, there has been an impulsive opening of many churches. The split ups have brought about many mysterious religious denominations that have distorted and biased the gospel truth. The distortion of the gospel is what has instigated mushrooming of many cult churches that teach contrary to the word of God. Ethnocentrism has therefore instigated the existence of false teachings most of which are bound to transform their members into ardent devil flocks. As it is the responsibility of the church to oversee events even those that are outside the clerical premises running successfully, it’s of late failing. Henceforth, ethnocentrism of such nature keeps lagging the nation from completing the political metamorphosis it started since independence. The Pauline epistles dwell much on the issue of ethnocentrism in the church, since the vice was present in the early church. In 1st Corinthians chapter 1 - 4, Paul talks about church divisions and says that they are a mark of spiritual immaturity. Thus Christians should not be at daggers drawn with each other but be in harmony and in unity as one body of Christ. Paul goes on to condemn the Christians act ofShow MoreRelatedSociology - The Comparative Method1739 Words   |  7 Pagesalways existed, or, whether or not this is a newly constructed belief. Lets look at little more closely at the above mentioned historical comparison and see how the comparative method works with a specific example. There is no question that in todays western society there is a lot of fear and trepidation towards people who are labeled homosexual. The question we will attempt to answer however is whether or not it has always been like this and is this a universal truth. 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The Rhetorical Force of Landscape Art Essay - 1502 Words

The Rhetorical Force of Landscape Art Why talk about a rhetoric of images? The most obvious answer is that we live in an image-saturated society and a relevant rhetoric must pay attention to images, that W. J. T. Mitchell is right when he suggests that the rhetorical turn is being displaced by the pictorial turn. Beyond the obvious, the answers are multiple and layered. I want to suggest some answers by looking at some old pictures: Carleton Watkins landscape photographs of Yosemite and William Henry Jacksons landscape photographs and Thomas Morans water colors and paintings of Yellowstone. At a basic level, if rhetoric is, at the very least, about persuasion in conventional politics, images merit a look and have†¦show more content†¦Moran and Jackson accompanied the U.S. Geological Survey of the Territories to Yellowstone in 1871. Their presence was not accidental. Jackson had recently become a permanent member of the expedition. Moran was sent with the backing of the Northern Pacific Railroad and Scribners to join the expedition. Ferdinand Hayden, the expeditions leader, was aware of the value of public relations and was also under orders from the Secretary of the Interior to secure as full material as possible for the illustration of your final report, such as sketches, photographs, etc.,(quoted in Kinsey, 1992, p. 49). As photographer Jackson recalled, No photographs had as yet been published, and Dr. Hayden was determined that the first ones should be good. A series of fine pictures would not only supplement his final report but tell the story to thousands who might never read it (1940, p. 196). Jacksons photographs and Morans watercolors and illustrations were instrumental in the successful lobbying effort to get Congress to designate Yellowstone the countrys first national park. 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Performance of McMillan Shakespeare Limitedâ€Myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Analysis and interpretation of the performance of McMillan Shakespeare Limited? Answer: Introduction Background of the company For this purpose of this assignment, McMillan Shakespeare Limited (MMS) is the business organization that has been undertaken for the purpose of financial performance and financial position analysis. McMillan Shakespeare Limited (MMS) is engaged in providing services of salary packaging and motor vehicle leasing services. McMillan Shakespeare Limited has started its business operations in 1988 and since then they are engaged in providing services of salary packaging and notated leasing services. McMillan Shakespeare Limited is listed in Australian stock exchange and has been reported in top 200 ASX listed companies. Apart from their primary business operations, they are also are also engaged in the business of asset management, fleet financing and management services. McMillan Shakespeare Limited has wide spread business operations and they has 21 subsidiary companies under. Purpose of the group assignment Purpose of this assignment is to understand and analysis ratios and financial statements analysis technique. How to assess and analyse financial position and financial performance of the business organisation is the outcome of this assignment. In this assignment, ratio analysis of five years has been done i.e. from 2011 to 2015 (Salo and Punkka, 2011). Main purpose of this assignment is to develop skills among students of analysing and reading financial statements of any business entity. In order to complete course successfully development of analysis skill is required and therefore main purpose of this assignment is to develop analytical skills. Purpose of this assignment includes development of skills of students in terms of making conclusion. Trend and cross-sectional financial analysis Trend analysis and cross sectional financial analysis of McMillan Shakespeare Limited has been undertaken in this sections. Ratio analysis has been used technique for the same and various ratios has been calculated and analyzed. Profitability ratio, solvency ratio, efficiency ratio and liquidity ratios are calculated and analyzed in this section of report. Ratio calculation Profitability ratios Gross profit ratio = Gross profit / Sales revenue * 100 Operating profit ratio = Operating profit / Sales revenue * 100 Net profit ratio = Net profit / Sales revenue * 100 Ratio 2015 2014 2013 2012 2011 Gross profit ratio 75.14% 76.68% 77.51% 78.26% 79.60% Net profit ratio 17.32% 22.80% 26.93% 17.98% 16.02% (El-Dalabeeh, 2013) Analysis: Above two ratios is used to analyse profitability of the business organisation and in this case McMillan Shakespeare Limited has been tested on such basis. Gross profit reflects ability and capabilities of business organization in terms of primary business operations (Wunsch, Gruber and Claupein, 2012). McMillan Shakespeare Limited had shown great operational efficiency as reflected in their gross profit ratio. In all 5 years they had maintained higher operational efficiency. On the other hand, net profit ratio is used to analyse cost management and real profit earning capacity of the business organization (Entwistle, 2015). As compared to industry average, McMillan Shakespeare Limited has shown great efficiency in generating profits for their internal stakeholders in terms of net profit. Their net profit ratio in all 5 years has been at higher side but results shows high fluctuations. It can be concluded that overall profitability position of McMillan Shakespeare Limited i s attractive and increasing financial performance has been observed (Erik and Kerstin, 2013). Because of great profitability ratios (gross and net profit), McMillan Shakespeare Limited has been able to maintain higher cash availability in business operations. Profitability of McMillan Shakespeare Limited has also impacted liquidity of the McMillan Shakespeare Limited as by earning more profits, McMillan Shakespeare Limited is able to save more cash for business operations. Operating efficiency Accounts Receivable Turnover = Revenue / (Average Accounts Receivable) Inventory Turnover = (Cost of Sales) / (Inventory) Accounts Payable Turnover = (Cost of Sales) / (Accounts Payable) Total Asset Turnover = (Revenue) / (Total Assets) Ratio 2015 2014 2013 2012 2011 Accounts receivable turnover period 8.30 days 11.91 days 18.15 days 15.97 days 19.34 days Inventory turnover period 13.52 days 15.07 days 15.33 days 33.17 days 37.47 days Accounts payable turnover period 1.52 days 1.53 days 1.82 days 1.14 days 1.22 days Cash conversion cycle 20.30 days 25.45 days 31.66 days 48 days 55.46 days Total Asset Turnover 50.13% 66.23% 73.80% 77.20% 90.28% (Olesen and Podinovski., 2017) Analysis: Operation efficiency ratios are used to analyse effectiveness in business operations of the business organisation. Accounts receivables ratio reflects efficiency of business organisation in terms of their ability of collecting cash from its debtors in normal course of business. It shall be kept at as low as possible and in case of McMillan Shakespeare Limited, receivables period is effective and improvement can be observed from 2011 to 2015. Another efficiency ratio is inventory turnover period, this ratio reflects turnaround period of stock i.e. days from inventories held in store till the date of sales (Kadzinski and Napieraj, 2017). Cost of sales or cost of goods sold is the base for analysing inventory turnover. In case of McMillan Shakespeare Limited, great improvement has been seen from 2013 as there is great reduction in their inventory turnover period. Accounts payable turnover is another efficiency ratio that is used to analyse payable period of the business organi zation i.e. within which creditors are required to be paid. It can be observed that payable period of McMillan Shakespeare Limited is at adverse side in all 5 years under consideration as they payable period is very low. Cash conversion cycle is the overall effect of business operational efficiency that can be used for analysis of overall operational efficiency (Kaushal and Muthusamy., 2014). In case of McMillan Shakespeare Limited, it shows acceptable level of efficiency. According to cash conversion cycle of McMillan Shakespeare Limited, they will be at strong position in terms of liquidity in the operations. At last, total asset turnover ratio has been used to analyze efficiency of assets in terms of its utilization in generating sales revenue for the period under consideration. In case of assets, assets utilization ratio has shown positive or efficiency in generating sales revenue during all 5 years under consideration (Olesen and Podinovski., 2015). Liquidity ratios Current ratio = Current assets / current liabilities Quick ratio= Current assets (Inventories + Prepaid expenses) / current liabilities Ratio 2015 2014 2013 2012 2011 Current ratio 1.72 times 1.41 times 1.28 times 1.26 times 0.61 times Quick ratio 1.59 times 1.27 times 1.15 times 1.19 times 0.56 times (Fenyves and Tarnoczi, 2011) Analysis: Liquidity ratio can be defined as the ratios which are used to analyse liquidity position of the business organisation. Liquidity position means position of working capital or relationship between current assets and current liabilities. Liquidity ratios are used to analyse level of cash and cash equivalent present in the business organisation i.e. in its business operations. Current ratio and quick ratio are two effective tools of liquidity ratio that are used to measure level of liquidity in the business operations (Gomaa and Shaw, 2011). Current ratio establishes relationship between current assets available for meeting current obligation of the business organisation and in short term. In case of McMillan Shakespeare Limited, their current ratio reflects adequate level of current assets i.e. they has adequate level of current assets for meeting their current obligations. In all 5 years, McMillan Shakespeare Limited has maintained adequate level of current assets and this shows greater efficiency in terms of liquidity position (Pandya, 2014). Another ratio that is used to analyst deeper liquidity position is quick ratio. Quick ratio does not use those current assets in which cash is already incurred or cash is blocked. Inventories and prepaid expenses are two current assets that is not included in calculation of quick asset (Khatik and Varghese, 2015). In case of McMillan Shakespeare Limited, their liquidity position in terms of quick ratio shows positive results. Solvency ratios Debt Equity ratio = Total debt / total equity Interest coverage ratio = EBIT / Interest or Finance cost Equity ratio = Total equity / total assets Ratio 2015 2014 2013 2012 2011 Debt Equity ratio 1.44 times 1.34 times 1.29 times 1.33 times 1.62 times Interest coverage ratio 9.65 times 6.29 times 7.05 times 6.45 times 4.51 times Equity ratio 0.41 times 0.43 times 0.44 times 0.43 times 0.38 times Analysis: Solvency ratios are those ratios which can b used to analyse solvency position of the business organisation. Solvency position can be defined as the position which defies level of risk present in terms of capital structure of the business organisation (Lewis and Tan., 2016). In terms of investors, solvency position of business organisation is very much important and in order to analyse financial position solvency ratios are also very important. In case of McMillan Shakespeare Limited, three solvency ratios are used for the solvency analysis i.e. debt equity ratio, interest coverage ratio and equity ratio (Piatti, 2014). Debt equity ratio is used to analyse level of debt and equity utilised in the business operations i.e. propionate debt and equity utilisation. It can be analysed that, in all 5 years i.e. from 2011 to 2016 capital structure is at risk. They had utilised more as compared to internal funds i.e. equity (including reserves). Financial leverage of McMillan Shak espeare Limited is at higher side and denotes higher level of risk in capital structure management and level (Ribera, Zargari, Chapman and Joshi, 2016). On the other hand from the investors point of their solvency position is at great side according to interest coverage ratio. In all 5 years they show good results in terms of their ability in terms of paying interest or financial cost. Market performance Earnings per share = Net earnings for shareholders / No of equity shares Book value per share = Total Equity / No of equity shares Ratio 2015 2014 2013 2012 2011 Earnings per share $ 4.51 $ 7.1 $ 6.56 $ 5.59 $ 4.61 Book value per share $ 18.08 $ 18.64 $ 18.82 $ 20.69 $ 16.98 (Schmidlin, 2014) Analysis: It can be analysed that McMillan Shakespeare Limited is able to generate consistent EPS in all 5 years. As compared to industry average, McMillan Shakespeare Limited has been able to generate the same and is able to attract more investors (Faezinia, Ohadi and Janani, 2012). Book value per share is the theoretical framework that is used to assess market position by dividing book value of equity funds with no of equity shares lying with the entity. Both ratios show adequate level of market efficiency of McMillan Shakespeare Limited. Reasons for change in financial position and performance From the above ratio analysis, it can be observed that results or financial performance and position of McMillan Shakespeare Limited in 2011 has been drastically changed till 2015. Following are some reasons for the same: Competition: It can be observed that from 2011 to 2015 there is increase in competition for McMillan Shakespeare Limited. Although McMillan Shakespeare Limited has been operating business operations which is quite unique bit since 2011 many new business entity has entered the market (Kadan and Zach, 2012). Level of competition has influenced level of business operations, profitability and operational efficiency of McMillan Shakespeare Limited. Change in consumer preference: Since some positive results have been seen from 2011 to 2015 and reason for the same is change in consumer preference. In modern business environment, consumers are more educated and more smart, they undertaken each and every detail of business operations. Shift of consumer preference is another reason of positive change in financial position and performance (Riordan and Riordan, 2009). Customers require more stable business organisations to handle their salary package service or motor vehicle leasing services. This has been the positive influencing factor for McMillan Shakespeare Limited to attract more customers. Management decisions: Management decisions related to merger, acquisition, business transformation and introduction of new business line is another reason of positive financial performance and position (Longinidis and Georgiadis., 2011). Management of McMillan Shakespeare Limited has taken time to time decisions related to introduction of asset management business, merger with UFS, group remuneration services, etc. These decisions have contributed in increasing efficiency and effectiveness of business operations of McMillan Shakespeare Limited from 2011 to 2015 (Walther, 2016). According to annual report of McMillan Shakespeare Limited, it can be analyzed that McMillan Shakespeare Limited has undergone various integration and management buyouts so as to support business operations and to provide better services to their customers. These decisions have supported effective business operations of McMillan Shakespeare Limited and have gained much new business Conclusion After analysis of this report, it can be concluded that ratio analysis can be used for making analysis of financial performance and financial position of the business organisation. In this report, evaluation of financial performance and position of McMillan Shakespeare Limited has been undertaken. It can be summarized that, in terms of pprofitability position of McMillan Shakespeare Limited, in all 5 years they had maintained adequate level of profitability in operational (gross profit) and in administrative terms (net profit). McMillan Shakespeare Limited has been able to maintain higher level of gross and net profit margins. As compared to industry average, these results of profitability have shown greater efficiency in term of profit earning. By maintaining core business operations, McMillan Shakespeare Limited has been able to maintain higher profits. McMillan Shakespeare Limited has been able to manage their administrative and service cost in during the reporting period and this supports maintaining higher profitability. Efficiency ratio reflects adequate business operation management and efficiency. It can be concluded that efficiency ratios are used by various internal external stakeholders for decision making and are very important for the analyzing and reviewing business operations. Cash conversion cycle in all 5 years has shown effective results in term of converting cash from inventory, receivables and payable. In case of McMillan Shakespeare Limited, both accounts receivable and inventory turnover period has reflected greater efficiency. This has been the reason of maintaining liquidity in the working capital. Payable turnover period also denotes greater efficiency in terms of deferring payments to creditors and making available more cash or liquidity in the working capital management or in business operations. It can be concluded that, efficiency position is the major factor that has contributed in effective management of business operations. In terms of liquidity state of McMillan Shakespeare Limited, it can be concluded that they had maintained higher level of liquidity in the working capital. Current ratio indicates currents assets of McMillan Shakespeare Limited are in excess of current obligations. This has made them highly liquid and this is the reason of maintaining higher profitability. Quick ratio has also suggested the same and has the contributor in maintaining efficient business operations. Availability of cash or liquidity has saved McMillan Shakespeare Limited from various legal litigations and enhanced their goodwill or brand among its competitors. It can be concluded that solvency position has shown adverse situation in terms of debt and equity usage in business operations. Interest coverage ratio has shown attractive results for investors as these are at higher side in all 5 years. Interest coverage ratio is the factor that has enhanced goodwill of McMillan Shakespeare Limited and has attracted more investors in terms of investment. It can be concluded that mmanagement decisions, change in consumer preference and competition are some reasons of change in financial performance and position of McMillan Shakespeare Limited. It can be concluded that by maintaining effective solvency position in the business operations, management of McMillan Shakespeare Limited has been able to earn market goodwill. References El-Dalabeeh, A., 2013. The Role of Financial Analysis Ratio in Evaluating Performance: (Case Study: National Chlorine industry). Interdisciplinary Journal of Contemporary Research In Business, vol. 5, no 2, pp 13-28. Entwistle, Gary., 2015. Reflections on Teaching Financial Statement Analysis. Accounting Education, vol 24, no 6, pp 555-558. 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